Several remote memory cards have been issued in this small country in the heart of Europe. However, what is considered to be the first issue is a chip demonstration card, produced for the International Fair…
Lithuania, 1993
Lithuania is the southernmost of the Baltic republics and has an area slightly larger than neighboring Latvia; it was the first to gain independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. The national telephone company, Lietuvos…
Malta, 1991
For a few years, apart from a couple of illustrated, only ordinary cards were issued in Malta. The first was a 50-unit orange card (run 157,700), issued together with a 100-unit blue one (run 97,900):…
Montenegro, 2000
Even though until 2 June 2006 the Republic of Montenegro was united to the Republic of Serbia with the name of Serbia and Montenegro, already in 2000 it began to issue its own chip cards.…
North Macedonia, 1995
North Macedonia is a state of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe, born in 1991, when it separated peacefully from Yugoslavia, taking the name of the Republic of Macedonia or FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of…
Northern Cyprus, 1992
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (in Turkish Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, in the KKTC abbreviation), is a self-proclaimed republic not recognized by the international community that extends in the northern part…
Poland, 1991
After testing different systems, such as Landis & Gyr, GPT, Alcatel, the magnetic card system proposed by Urmet was adopted, which was then used for several years, even if, after the first supplies of the…
Portugal, 1982
The first Portuguese telephone cards date back to 1982: in those years, two companies provided the public telephone service in Portugal: the TLP (Telefones de Lisboa and Porto), active in the cities of Lisbon and…
Romania, 1991
Chip-type cards were introduced in Romania as early as 1991, and the first of these, with a circulation of only 1,000 copies, was used during a field trial in Bucharest. The first large series of…
Russia, 1991
Following the disintegration of the USSR, officialized on December 26, 1991, the Comstar company, which already provided telephone cards and services to the Soviet Union, continued to issue GPT magnetic cards for the new Russian…
